Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of sphingolipids, which play critical roles in cell signaling and regulation of cellular processes. SphK1 catalyzes the conversion of sphingosine, a bioactive lipid molecule, into sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), another bioactive lipid that acts as a signaling molecule and regulates various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, migration, survival, and inflammation. Research on SphK1 has highlighted its importance in various physiological and pathological processes, such as cancer, inflammation, immune responses, and neurodegenerative diseases. In cancer, SphK1 is frequently overexpressed and plays a role in promoting tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. In inflammatory diseases, SphK1 has been implicated in regulating immune cell function and cytokine production. Understanding the role of SphK1 in health and disease has led to the development of therapeutic strategies targeting SphK1 and the S1P signaling pathway for the treatment of various conditions, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular disorders. Additionally, SphK1 inhibitors have been investigated as potential anticancer agents, with promising results in preclinical studies. Overall, research on SphK1 continues to uncover its intricate role in cellular signaling and its potential as a target for therapeutic intervention in various diseases.